As Kenya gears up for the 2027 elections, the specter of tribalism looms large, threatening to overshadow the progress made in uniting the nation.
The persistence of ethnic-based politics, which has marred Kenya’s democratic journey since independence, raises the question: why does tribalism remain such a powerful tool in the political arsenal?
Despite President William Ruto’s bold rhetoric against tribalism, his government has struggled to shake off accusations of perpetuating the same vice. “Those who are only interested in dividing Kenyans along tribal lines and spreading hatred should go home.
My government has no business with those who worship tribalism, hatred, and division,” the President declared in October while orchestrating the removal of his then-deputy, Rigathi Gachagua, for alleged ethnic politicking.
However, even as the President takes a hardline stance, his own allies, including senior Cabinet Secretaries, seem to contradict his message.
Recent comments by Sports CS Kipchumba Murkomen and Energy CS Opiyo Wandayi highlight how deeply entrenched tribal rhetoric remains within the political class.
Murkomen accused critics of being tribal for comparing Ruto only to Daniel arap Moi, another Kalenjin leader, while overlooking presidents from other ethnic groups.
Wandayi, on the other hand, lambasted government critics for allegedly targeting the administration because it had accommodated the Luo community.
The irony of the President condemning tribalism while being accused of ethnic bias in his political appointments reflects a recurring pattern.
Critics argue that while leaders publicly denounce tribalism, their actions often betray their words. As political observer Martin Andati points out, “You cannot condemn Rigathi for tribalism but your political appointments and resource allocation show you are practicing it.”
In recent months, the resurgence of ethnic alliances has further entrenched the tribal narrative. The Gikuyu, Embu, and Meru Association (GEMA) recently extended its reach to the Kamba community, signaling a calculated political maneuver ahead of the next election. Former Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua and Wiper leader Kalonzo Musyoka are reportedly working to solidify this bloc, underscoring the enduring appeal of tribal arithmetic in securing political power.
However, there is a glimmer of hope. Analysts like Andati believe the influence of tribalism may gradually wane with the rise of Gen Z voters, who form a significant portion of the population.
“We may not witness the extent of tribalism in the past in the next elections because 70 percent of the population is not beholden to the tribal arrangement. Tribalism may play a role in 2027, but that may not be the case in 2032,” Andati suggests.
For tribalism to lose its grip, Kenya must address the root causes that sustain it. A lack of ideological clarity in political parties and coalitions creates a vacuum that tribalism readily fills.
Leaders must prioritize policies and principles over ethnic allegiances, fostering a political culture that values national unity over parochial interests.
Moreover, civil society, religious leaders, and grassroots organizations must play an active role in dismantling the tribal narrative.
The church, often accused of perpetuating tribal biases, must take a firm stand against such divisive rhetoric. Kapseret MP Oscar Sudi’s recent criticism of Nyeri Catholic Archbishop Anthony Muheria for allegedly fanning tribalism serves as a cautionary tale. Faith-based institutions should champion inclusivity and serve as neutral arbiters in the political discourse.
Kenya’s history is replete with instances where tribalism has fueled division, marginalization, and violence. The 2027 election offers an opportunity to break this cycle and chart a new course. While tribal alliances may provide short-term gains, they ultimately undermine the democratic ideals of equality and justice.
The journey toward a post-tribal Kenya is neither simple nor swift, but it is necessary. By rejecting the politics of division and embracing a unifying vision, Kenya can pave the way for a more inclusive and prosperous future. Only then can the nation rise above its tribal fault lines and realize its full potential as a democratic beacon in Africa.
